Fluid-actuated compressor



Nov. 13, 192s. '1,691,737

R. P. PESCARA lFLUID CTATED COMPRESSOR Nov. A13, 1 928.

R. P. PESCARA FLUID ACTUATED COMPRESSOR Filed June 2, 1927 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Nov. 13,1928.

' UNITED STATES 1,691,737 PATENT oFFlcE.

RAUL PATERAS PESCARA, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

FLUID-ACTUATED COMPRESSOR.

applicati@ mea June 2, 1927, serial No. 195,981, and Vin France June 17, 1926;

My invention relates to compressorswhich are actuated by a fluid under pressure, and one ofits objects is to utilize the energy of a compressed fluid for producing the compression'fof another tluid, either of the same or of a different nature but under different conditions of temperature and pressure and with a high output.

Another object of my invention resides in the adaptation of a device of the character indicated to the apparatus disclosed and claimed in my copending applications Serial No. 177 ,938, filed March 24, 1927; Serial No. 177,939, filed March 24, 1927; Serial No. 181,553, filed April 6, 1927; Serial No. 181,- 554, iled April 6, 1927; Serial No. 181,555, tiled April 6, 1927; Serial No. 181,556, filed lApril 6, 1927, and Serial No. 195,980, filed June 2, 1927.

Other objects ofthe invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which it relates in the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

in Which- Fig. 1 is an elevation of the device with Within said 'compressing cylinders are disposed pistons which extend into the common motor cylinder 16,. only one of said pistons being shown at 19.

The piston 19 carries two pivot bearings 20 disposed at diametrically opposite points, only one of which is shown. The construction is the same for'the piston in cylinder 18.

In the center of the machine are disposed two levers 21, 22 pivoted on an axis perpendicular to the common axis of cylinders 16,

17, 18 the opposite arms of said levers termion the circular orifice 58 of plate 41 angular movement thereof. It will b nating in pivot connections 23, 24, 25, 26.

Four connecting rods 27 28, 29, 30 connect the pivot connections 20 of the pistons 19 to the pivot connections 23, 24, 25, 26 of levers 21, 22. A mechanical connection is thus assured between the pistons which maintains synchronism of their movements in opposite directions.

Steam, or example, is admitted to cylinder 16 through a supply pipe 38 and .through valve -31 is pivoted on a shaft 42 which is integral with the valve seat 41. An abutment 43 is made integral with the valve 31 and V projects outwardly therefrom.

The lever 21 is pivoted on a collet 44 carried by the valve 31 by means of a sleeve 45 which penetrates the steam box 39 through a suitable packed joint 46.` The sleeve 45 is provided with a notch which receives the abutment 43 of the valve 31 in such wise that the edges 47, 48 of said notch can come in contact with the sides of the abutment 43.

The lever 21 is thus free to turn withrespect to the valve 31.

An exhaust pipe 49 is provided which may open into the atmosphere or be connected to a condenser and communicates with the inv 'terior of cylinder 16 by an orifice 50, inwhich a valve 51 is adapted to be seated. The stem of said valve is integral with a piston 5 3 whose diameter is greater than the eective diameter of the valve 51. Y.

The piston 53 slides in a cylinder 54 which terminates in a head 55. 'The space included between the piston 53, the cylinder 54 and its head 55 is provided with four orifices of which 56 and 57 communicate with the openings 58 in the valve seat 41 throu h tubes 59 and of which 60 and 61 open into t e cylinder 16 near the extremities thereof at 162, 163 by means of the tubes 62,63. A spring 65 bears against the piston 53 in a Way to provoke the raising of the .valve 51.

The valve 31 isprovided with another elongated opening 66 which can be superposed during e noted that in order to obtain coincidence of the openings 32, 33, 34 in the valve 31 with those closing ofthe orifices 35, 36, 37. l-

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The distribution of air, for example, takes place in the compressing cylinders 17, 18 by means of automatic inlet check valves 69, 70 and outlet check valve 71 only one set being shown. Two suitable pipes 72, 73 conduct the air compressed to avtank for storing or to an apparatus for direct consumption.

' he operation of the apparatus is as follows:

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 represent .the positions the different parts of the apparatus occupy7 when the pistons 19 have arrived at the end of their expanding stroke toward the motor end and at the end of their compression stroke toward the compressor end. The pistons 19 will return to the center of the apparatus under the impulse of compressed air which remains in the compressing cylinders.

At this moment the extremities 162, 163 of the tubes 62, 63 have just been uncovered by the pistons 19 in such wise that the prevailing pressure on the interior of cylinder 54 is the low pressure of that in pipe 49, the spring maintaining the valve 51 raised.

The pistons 19 in returning to the center of the apparatus push back the expanded steam contained between them through the orifice 50 and the pipe 49. At the beginning of their movement the distributing valve 31 remains motionless until the edge 47 of the notch of sleeve 45 which turns in the direction of the arrow 68 meets the abutment 43 of the valve 31. Said valve is then displaced with the lever 21 and the pushing back of. the steam normally continues.

At a predetermined moment the opening 66 of the valve 31 meets the orifice 58 of the valve seat 41. Steam under pressure then penetrates the cylinder 54 through tubes 59 and the orifices 56. and 57. The said steam cannot escape through the tubes 62, 63 due to the factl that their openings 162, 163 are'at this instant closed bythe pistons 19. Thel ton 53 is greater than the effective diameter` of the said valve.

The openings are so designed and re ulated that the pressure of the steam attains the,

value'oif that prevailing in the chamber 39 at the moment when the openings 32, 33, 34 of valve 31 meet the openings', 36, 37 of the valve seat 41. The movement of the pistons 19 continues by their inertia and does not Vcease until thereis complete coincidence of the said openings.

steam, the pistons such as 19 then set out a ain in opposite directions moving away om each other fromthe center of the machine. From the beginning of their movement the distributing valve 31 remains motionless which assures the admission at a constant pressure of a suitable quantity of steam. When the edge 48 of the sleeve `45 meets the stop 43 of the valve 31, the latter is. carried along in the direction opposite'to that of the arrow 68 and consequently recovers'the ori- Iices 35, 36, 37 of thevalve seat 41. The steam continues then to expand in the cylinder 16.

During all this time the valve 51 has remained seated by the steam `contained in the 51 and permltting the expanded steam to ex- 3 haust through the orifice 50 and the pipe 49. This cycle of operation continues on indefinitely as long as steam is applied to thecylinder 16.

In the compressing cylinders the ai'rl is alternately compressed and partially pushed back through the check valves 71, the partvremaining in the dead spaces expanding thereafterl for assurmg the return of the pistons 19. After this expanding, which is much 95 shorter in duration than the compressing stroke, the pistons 19 draw in a new quantity v of fresh air through the check valves 69 and 70 and the operation is repeated.

Obviously many variations inthe modus 100 operandi? of my device may be resorted to` without departing from the scope of my inl vention. For example, compression of the air might take place in steps by utilizing the B0 cylinder 54 which cannot escape until the pisdevice disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 195,980, tiled June 2, 1927. Preferably the motor fluid employedy .will constitute part of the air compressed in the stages of thefcomp'ressor and admitted to the motor cylinder after a thermic enrichening by reheating. I prefer to producethe said'reheating operation by combustion of a combustible iuid on the interior of the apparatus j either partially or totally by utilizing one of the 'distributing valve plates forits introduc- 11 tion into the cylinder.

' Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- .r i

1. In a compressor of the type described a plurality of compressingcylinders. a common motor cylinder coaxially disposed with respect thereto, a piston in each of said com pressing cylinders, a second driving piston integral with each of said first mentioned pistons and extending into said commoncylinder, a stud shaft mounted on said motor cylinder midway between said c ompressingcyl--` inders, a plurality of two armed levers mount.-

ed loosely on said stud shaft,means`vfor piv-A 130 pistons in opposite directions at regular intervals.

2. In Aa compressor of the type described a plurality of compressing cylinders, a common motor cylinder coaxially disposed with respect thereto, a piston i'n each ot' said compressing cylinders, a second driving piston integral With each of said first mentioned pistons and extending into said common cylinder, synchronizing1 means for pivotally interconnecting said pistons, means for supplying a fluid under pressure to said motor cylinder, means for controlling the admission of said fluid into said motor cylinder operated by said synchronizing means, an exhaust portfor said motor cylinder and vpi'es- I sure operated means for closing said exhaust port responsive to said fluid when said pistons have attained either end of their stroke.

3. In a compressor of thev type described a plurality of direct acting compressing pistons, a cylinder therefor, admission openings in said cylinder, a rotary valve plate covering said openings, an enclosed chamber surrounding said plate, means for supplyingsaid chamber with a fluid under pressure, a plurality of openings insaid plate, means operated by said pistons for causing the openings in said plate to coincide With 4the openings in said cylinder When said pistons have attained a certain position in their stroke, an exhaust port for said cylinder, a valve for said exhaust port, a spring for holding said valve in normal open position, pressure responsive means for closing said valve, said means being provided with an orifice in communication with the extremity of said cylinder which is adapted to be uncovered only When said piston has attained one end of its stroke and a second` orifice in communication With said chamber through said rotary plate.

4. In a compressor of the type described a y plurality of direct acting pistons, a cylinder .in said plate, .a loose connection device operated by said pistons for causing the open- -ings in said plate to coincide With the openings in said cylinder When said pistons have attained a certain position in their. stroke, an exhaust port for said cylinder, a valve for said exhaust port, a spring for'holding said valve in normal open position pressure responsive means for'closing said valve provi'ded with an orifice incommunication with the extremityo't` said cylinder Which is adapted to be uncovered only When said piston has attained one end of its stroke and a second orifice in communication With said chamber through said rotary plate.

5. Ina compressor of the type described a plurality of direct acting compressing pistons, a cylinder therefor, admission openings in said cylinder, arotary valve plate covering said openings, an enclosed chamber surrounding said plate, means for supplying said chamber with a fluid under pressure, a piurality of openings in said plate, means operated by said pistons for causing the openings in said plate to coincide With the openings in said cylinder when said pistons have attained a certain position in their stroke, an exhaust port for said cylinder, a valve.' for said exhaust poit, a spring for holding said valve in normal open position, a piston on said valve, a cylinder for said piston, the diameter of said piston being greater than the effective diameter of lsaid valve an orifice in said cylinder in communication with the extremity of said first mentioned cylinder adapted to be uncovered only when said first mentioned piston has attained one end of its stroke anda second orifice in communication -with said chamber through said rotary plate.

plate connected to said pistons, a sleeve on;-l

said synchronizing device having a notched portion fitting over said abutment whereby the openings in said plate may be made to coincide with the openings in said cylinder when said pistons have attained a certain po- .sition in their stroke, an exhaust port for said cylinder, a valve for said exhaust port, a spring for holding said valvei'n normal open position, pressure responsive'means for closing said valve provided With an orifice in communication With the extremity of said cylinder which is adapted to be uncovered only when said piston has attained one end of its soy 8. In ay iiuid compressor of the type described the combination of a plurality of ditervals for the purpose set forth.

9. In a fluid compressor of the type de-` scribed the combination of a plurality of di rect actuated direct acting compressing pistons, an oscillating valve plate operated by said pistons for suppl'in said pistons with acommon operating ui under pressure at regular intervals, a normally open exhaust valve for said operating fluid and means uny der control of said oscillating valve plate and said pistons responsive to said .operating fluid opposing the opening of said exhaust valve at regular intervals for the purpose set forth.

10. In a fluid compressor of the type dei scribed the combination of a plurality of direct actuated direct acting compressing pisltons, an oscillating valve plate operated by said pistons for suppl ino said pistons With a common operating u1 under pressure at regular intervals, a normally open exhaust valve for said operating fluid, an auxiliary piston opposing the opening of said exhaust valve, means associated with saidoscillating plate for supplying -said auxiliary piston with a portion of said operating ttluid at regular int-ervalsand means under control of said pistons for releasing said operating fiuid in contact with said auxiliary piston for the purpose set forth.`

-11. In a fluid compressor of the type described the combination of a plurality of direct actuated direct acting compressing pistons', an oscillating valve plate operated by said pistons for supplying said pistons Wit a common operating'fluid under pressure at regular intervals, a normally open exhaust valve for said operating, fluid, an auxiliary piston opposing the opening of said exhaust valve, means associated with said oscillating plate for supplying said auxiliary piston with a portionv of said operating iiuid at regular intervals and means under control of said pistons for releasing and discharging said operating fluid in contact With said auxiliary piston into the main bulk of operating fluid when said main bulk of operating fluid has expanded to a predetermined degree for the purpose set orth.- f

' In testimony whereof I have 'signed my name to this specification at'Paris, France,

this 21st day of May, 1927.

RAUL PATERAS PESCARA'. 

